Intrauterine System (IUS)

The Intrauterine System (IUS), also known as an intrauterine device (IUD) with hormones, is a type of contraceptive that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is a small, T-shaped device made of plastic that releases a hormone called levonorgestrel or progesterone.

How it Works

The IUS works by releasing a small amount of hormone into the uterus, which thickens the cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. It also thins the lining of the uterus, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant.

Types of IUS

There are several types of IUS available, including:

• Mirena: releases levonorgestrel and is effective for up to 5 years
• Kyleena: releases levonorgestrel and is effective for up to 5 years
• Skyla: releases levonorgestrel and is effective for up to 3 years
• Liletta: releases levonorgestrel and is effective for up to 5 years
• Progestasert: releases progesterone and is effective for up to 1 year

Benefits

The IUS has several benefits, including:

• High effectiveness in preventing pregnancy (over 99%)
• Long-lasting: can be left in place for several years
• Low maintenance: does not require daily or weekly action
• Reduced menstrual bleeding and cramping
• Can be used by women who are breastfeeding

Risks and Side Effects

The IUS can cause some side effects, including:

• Spotting or irregular bleeding in the first few months after insertion
• Cramping or discomfort during and after insertion
• Perforation of the uterus (rare)
• Infection (rare)
• Expulsion of the device (rare)

Insertion and Removal

The IUS is inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider during an office visit. The procedure typically takes a few minutes and may cause some discomfort or cramping. The device can be removed at any time by a healthcare provider, and fertility typically returns quickly after removal.

Contraindications

The IUS is not suitable for everyone, particularly those who:

• Are pregnant or think they may be pregnant
• Have certain types of cancer (e.g. breast, uterine, or cervical cancer)
• Have unexplained vaginal bleeding
• Have an infection or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Are allergic to any component of the device

Care and Maintenance

After insertion, it is recommended to:

• Check the strings of the IUS regularly to ensure it is still in place
• Return to the healthcare provider for follow-up appointments as scheduled
• Use condoms or other barrier methods to protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)