Intrauterine System (IUS)

The Intrauterine System (IUS), also known as an intrauterine device (IUD) with hormones, is a type of contraceptive that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is a small, T-shaped device made of plastic that releases a hormone called levonorgestrel or progesterone.

How it Works

The IUS works by releasing a small amount of hormone into the uterus, which thickens the cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. It also thins the lining of the uterus, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant.

Types of IUS

There are several types of IUS available, including:

• Mirena: releases levonorgestrel and is effective for up to 5 years
• Kyleena: releases levonorgestrel and is effective for up to 5 years
• Skyla: releases levonorgestrel and is effective for up to 3 years
• Liletta: releases levonorgestrel and is effective for up to 5 years
• Progestasert: releases progesterone and is effective for up to 1 year

Benefits

The IUS has several benefits, including:

• High effectiveness in preventing pregnancy (over 99%)
• Long-lasting: can be left in place for several years
• Low maintenance: does not require daily or weekly action
• Reduced menstrual bleeding and cramping
• Can be used by women who are breastfeeding

Risks and Side Effects

The IUS can cause some side effects, including:

• Spotting or irregular bleeding in the first few months after insertion
• Cramping or discomfort during and after insertion
• Perforation of the uterus (rare)
• Infection (rare)
• Expulsion of the device (rare)

Insertion and Removal

The IUS is inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider during an office visit. The procedure typically takes a few minutes and may cause some discomfort or cramping. The device can be removed at any time by a healthcare provider, and fertility typically returns quickly after removal.

Contraindications

The IUS is not suitable for everyone, particularly those who:

• Are pregnant or think they may be pregnant
• Have certain types of cancer (e.g. breast, uterine, or cervical cancer)
• Have unexplained vaginal bleeding
• Have an infection or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Are allergic to any component of the device

Care and Maintenance

After insertion, it is recommended to:

• Check the strings of the IUS regularly to ensure it is still in place
• Return to the healthcare provider for follow-up appointments as scheduled
• Use condoms or other barrier methods to protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is an Intrauterine System (IUS)?
A small device inserted into the uterus for contraception and other medical uses.

How does an IUS work?
It releases hormones or copper to prevent pregnancy, depending on the type.

What types of IUS are available?
Hormonal and copper IUS, with varying brands and models.

Who can use an IUS?
Most women, but suitability depends on individual health and medical history.

How is an IUS inserted?
By a trained healthcare provider in a clinic or doctor's office.

Is IUS insertion painful?
Some women may experience discomfort or cramping during and after insertion.

Can an IUS be used for emergency contraception?
Some types of IUS can be used for emergency contraception, but not all.

How long does an IUS last?
Typically 5-10 years, depending on the type and brand.

Can an IUS affect menstrual periods?
Possibly, with some women experiencing changes in bleeding patterns or reduction in menstrual flow.

Are there any potential side effects of an IUS?
Yes, including but not limited to pelvic pain, infection, and perforation, although rare.