Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment where sperm is directly inserted into a woman's uterus. This procedure is used to facilitate fertilization and increase the chances of pregnancy.

Indications for IUI

• Unexplained infertility
• Mild male factor infertility (e.g., low sperm count or motility)
• Cervical factor infertility (e.g., cervical stenosis or anti-sperm antibodies)
• Same-sex couples or single women using donor sperm
• Women with ovulation disorders or irregular menstrual cycles

Preparation for IUI

Before undergoing IUI, the following steps are typically taken:

• Ovulation induction: Medications may be used to stimulate ovulation and increase egg production.
• Sperm washing and preparation: The sperm sample is washed and prepared to remove seminal fluid and select the healthiest sperm.
• Uterine evaluation: The uterus is evaluated to ensure it is suitable for IUI.

The IUI Procedure

The IUI procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
2. A catheter is inserted through the cervix and into the uterus.
3. The prepared sperm sample is injected into the uterus through the catheter.
4. The catheter and speculum are removed, and the patient may be asked to remain lying down for a short period.

Success Rates and Risks

The success rates of IUI vary depending on factors such as age, fertility status, and sperm quality. On average, the pregnancy rate per cycle is around 10-20%.

Risks associated with IUI include:

• Infection
• Multiple pregnancies (e.g., twins or triplets)
• Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) if ovulation induction medications are used

Post-IUI Care and Follow-up

After IUI, the patient may be advised to:

• Rest for a short period
• Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities
• Return for follow-up appointments to monitor pregnancy status and adjust treatment as needed