Insect Bite or Sting

An insect bite or sting occurs when an insect injects venom or saliva into the skin, causing a reaction.

Causes

• Mosquitoes
• Bees
• Wasps
• Hornets
• Ants
• Fleas
• Ticks
• Bed bugs
• Flies

Symptoms

• Pain or burning at the site of the bite or sting
• Redness and swelling around the bite or sting
• Itching or scratching at the site of the bite or sting
• Hives or welts
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness or fainting (in severe cases)

Treatment

• Wash the affected area with soap and water
• Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling
• Take an antihistamine or use a topical cream to relieve itching and reduce allergic reactions
• Use pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to alleviate pain
• Remove the stinger (if present) by scraping it off with a credit card or fingernail, avoiding pinching or squeezing which can release more venom

Complications

• Anaphylaxis: a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention
• Infection: bacteria can enter the skin through the bite or sting, leading to infection
• Scarring: repeated scratching or picking at the affected area can lead to scarring

Prevention

• Avoid areas where insects are common
• Wear protective clothing such as long sleeves and pants
• Use insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus
• Avoid sweet-smelling perfumes, colognes, and shampoos that may attract insects
• Keep food and trash covered to avoid attracting insects

When to Seek Medical Attention

• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Rapid heartbeat or fall in blood pressure
• Dizziness or fainting
• Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
• Abnormal heartbeat or palpitations
• Severe pain or swelling that doesn't improve with treatment