Influenza (Flu)

Influenza, also known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times, can lead to death. The flu is different from a cold, as it usually comes on suddenly and can be more severe.

Symptoms of Influenza

The symptoms of influenza can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:

• Fever or feeling feverish/chills
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Muscle or body aches
• Headaches
• Fatigue (tiredness)
• Diarrhea and vomiting (more common in children than adults)

Types of Influenza

There are three main types of influenza viruses: A, B, and C. Type A and B viruses are responsible for seasonal outbreaks, while type C viruses typically cause mild infections.

Transmission of Influenza

Influenza is spread from person to person through respiratory droplets that are released when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes. People can also become infected by touching surfaces or objects that have the flu virus on them and then touching their mouth, nose, or eyes.

Treatments for Influenza

Treatment for influenza usually involves relieving symptoms and supporting the body's immune system. Common treatments include:

• Rest and hydration to help the body fight off the infection
• Over-the-counter medications such as pain relievers, decongestants, and antihistamines to relieve symptoms
• Prescription antiviral medications such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), and peramivir (Rapivab) to treat the flu virus itself
• Antibiotics may be prescribed if a secondary bacterial infection develops, but they are not effective against the flu virus itself

Prevention of Influenza

Preventing influenza is crucial to reducing the risk of illness and transmission. Common prevention methods include:

• Getting vaccinated against the flu each year, as recommended by health authorities
• Practicing good hygiene such as washing hands frequently with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer
• Avoiding close contact with people who are sick
• Avoiding touching eyes, nose, and mouth to prevent the spread of the virus
• Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and objects that may be contaminated with the flu virus

Complications of Influenza

In some cases, influenza can lead to complications such as:

• Pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Sinus and ear infections
• Worsening of chronic medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and asthma

High-Risk Groups for Influenza

Certain groups are at higher risk for developing complications from influenza, including:

• Older adults (65 years and older)
• Young children (under the age of 5)
• Pregnant women
• People with certain chronic medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and asthma
• People with weakened immune systems due to medication or underlying medical conditions