Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer that occurs when cancer cells block the lymphatic vessels in the skin, causing the breast to become inflamed, red, and swollen.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of IBC is not known, but it is thought to be related to genetic mutations and hormonal changes. Risk factors for developing IBC include:

• Being female, as IBC is very rare in men
• Being younger than 50 years old
• Having a family history of breast cancer
• Having a previous diagnosis of breast cancer
• Being overweight or obese

Symptoms

The symptoms of IBC can develop quickly, often over a period of weeks or months. They may include:

• Redness and swelling of the breast
• Warmth or tenderness of the breast
• Thickening or ridging of the skin of the breast
• Enlargement of the breast
• Itching or burning sensation in the breast
• Inversion of the nipple
• Discharge or bleeding from the nipple

Diagnosis

IBC can be difficult to diagnose, as its symptoms are similar to those of other conditions, such as mastitis or a breast abscess. A diagnosis of IBC is typically made using a combination of:

• Physical examination
• Mammography
• Ultrasound
• Biopsy
• Imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans

Treatment

Treatment for IBC usually involves a combination of:

• Chemotherapy to shrink the tumor
• Surgery to remove the tumor and affected tissue
• Radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells
• Hormone therapy, if the cancer is hormone receptor-positive
• Targeted therapy, if the cancer has certain genetic mutations

Prognosis

The prognosis for IBC is generally poor, as it tends to be diagnosed at a later stage than other forms of breast cancer. However, with prompt and aggressive treatment, some women with IBC can experience long-term survival.

Current Research

Researchers are currently studying new treatments for IBC, including:

• Immunotherapy to stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells
• Gene therapy to repair genetic mutations that contribute to IBC
• Targeted therapies to block specific molecular pathways involved in IBC

It is essential for women with symptoms of IBC to seek medical attention promptly, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes.