Infectious Mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono or glandular fever, is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is a common illness that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly adolescents and young adults.

What is Infectious Mononucleosis?

Infectious mononucleosis is a self-limiting disease, meaning it will resolve on its own with time. The virus infects the B cells of the immune system, causing them to multiply abnormally. This leads to an overactive immune response, which results in the symptoms associated with mono.

Symptoms of Infectious Mononucleosis

The symptoms of infectious mononucleosis can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Sore throat
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits
• Enlarged tonsils
• White patches on the tonsils
• Extreme fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)
• Hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)

Complications of Infectious Mononucleosis

In some cases, infectious mononucleosis can lead to complications, such as:

• Splenetic rupture: a rare but potentially life-threatening condition where the spleen ruptures
• Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver
• Anemia: a decrease in red blood cells
• Thrombocytopenia: a decrease in platelets
• Neurological problems: such as meningitis, encephalitis, or Guillain-Barré syndrome

Treatments for Infectious Mononucleosis

There is no specific treatment for infectious mononucleosis, but symptoms can be managed with:

• Rest and relaxation: to help the body recover from the infection
• Pain relief medication: such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to relieve headaches, sore throat, and fever
• Antibiotics: may be prescribed if a secondary bacterial infection develops
• Corticosteroids: may be used to reduce swelling in the throat and tonsils
• Adequate hydration: to prevent dehydration

Prevention of Infectious Mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis is spread through contact with saliva, mucus, and other bodily fluids. Prevention measures include:

• Avoiding close contact with people who have mono
• Not sharing food, drinks, or utensils with someone who has mono
• Practicing good hygiene: such as washing hands frequently and thoroughly
• Avoiding kissing or other intimate contact with someone who has mono

Prognosis of Infectious Mononucleosis

Most people recover from infectious mononucleosis within 2-4 weeks, but some may experience lingering fatigue and other symptoms for several months. In rare cases, the infection can lead to more serious complications, such as splenetic rupture or neurological problems.