Immunoglobulins Blood Test

The immunoglobulins blood test is a laboratory test used to measure the levels of immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, in the blood. Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by the immune system to fight infections and diseases.

What are Immunoglobulins?

Immunoglobulins are a type of protein found in the blood and other bodily fluids. They are produced by B cells, a type of white blood cell, and play a crucial role in the immune system. There are five main types of immunoglobulins:

• IgA (Immunoglobulin A): found mainly in mucous membranes, such as the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts
• IgD (Immunoglobulin D): found mainly on the surface of B cells
• IgE (Immunoglobulin E): involved in allergic reactions and parasite infections
• IgG (Immunoglobulin G): the most common type, found in blood and other bodily fluids
• IgM (Immunoglobulin M): the first type produced in response to an infection

Why is the Test Performed?

The immunoglobulins blood test is performed to:

• Diagnose and monitor immune system disorders, such as immunodeficiency diseases
• Monitor the effectiveness of treatments for infections and autoimmune diseases
• Check for abnormal protein production in conditions such as multiple myeloma
• Investigate the cause of recurrent infections or chronic illnesses

How is the Test Performed?

The test involves taking a blood sample from a vein, usually in the arm. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

What Do the Results Mean?

The results of the immunoglobulins blood test are measured in units of milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or grams per liter (g/L). Abnormal levels may indicate:

• Immunodeficiency: low levels of one or more types of immunoglobulins
• Autoimmune disease: high levels of one or more types of immunoglobulins
• Infection: elevated levels of IgM, indicating a recent infection
• Cancer: abnormal protein production in conditions such as multiple myeloma

Reference Ranges

The reference ranges for immunoglobulins vary depending on the laboratory and the individual's age and sex. Typical reference ranges are:

• IgA: 70-400 mg/dL
• IgD: 0.5-16 mg/dL
• IgE: 0-100 IU/mL
• IgG: 700-1600 mg/dL
• IgM: 40-230 mg/dL