Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

Hysterosalpingography, also known as HSG, is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the shape of the uterus and the patency of the fallopian tubes. The procedure involves injecting a dye through the cervix into the uterus, which is then visualized using X-ray imaging.

Indications

HSG is typically performed to:

• Evaluate infertility or recurrent miscarriage
• Assess the shape and structure of the uterus
• Check for blockages in the fallopian tubes
• Investigate abnormal uterine bleeding or pelvic pain

Procedure

The HSG procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix
2. A catheter is inserted through the cervix and into the uterus
3. A dye, usually a water-soluble contrast medium, is injected through the catheter
4. X-ray images are taken as the dye flows through the uterus and fallopian tubes
5. The procedure typically takes 30-60 minutes to complete

Preparation

To prepare for an HSG, patients may be advised to:

• Schedule the procedure during the first half of their menstrual cycle (days 7-10)
• Avoid intercourse or use a barrier method of contraception for 24 hours prior to the procedure
• Take pain medication, such as ibuprofen, 1-2 hours before the procedure to minimize discomfort

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with HSG, including:

• Pelvic infection or inflammation
• Allergic reaction to the dye
• Bleeding or cramping during or after the procedure
• Radiation exposure from the X-ray imaging

Results and Follow-up

The results of an HSG are usually available immediately after the procedure. The doctor may discuss the findings with the patient, including:

• The shape and structure of the uterus
• The patency of the fallopian tubes
• Any abnormalities or blockages detected

A follow-up appointment may be scheduled to discuss the results in more detail and develop a treatment plan if necessary.