Hypoglycaemia (Low Blood Sugar)

What is Hypoglycaemia?

Hypoglycaemia, also known as low blood sugar, is a condition that occurs when the level of glucose in the blood falls below normal. Glucose is the body's main source of energy and is obtained from the food we eat. The brain, in particular, relies heavily on glucose for fuel. When blood glucose levels drop too low, it can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe.

Causes of Hypoglycaemia

Hypoglycaemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Taking too much insulin or oral diabetes medication
• Skipping meals or not eating enough carbohydrates
• Exercising more than usual without adjusting food intake
• Drinking alcohol without eating
• Certain medical conditions, such as liver disease or hypothyroidism
• Some medications, such as beta-blockers and salicylates

Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia

The symptoms of hypoglycaemia can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:

• Shakiness or tremors
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Confusion or disorientation
• Sweating or clamminess
• Hunger or nausea
• Headaches or fatigue
• Blurred vision or double vision
• Slurred speech or difficulty speaking
• Mood changes, such as irritability or anxiety
• Seizures or loss of consciousness (in severe cases)

Treatments for Hypoglycaemia

The treatment for hypoglycaemia depends on the severity of the symptoms. Mild to moderate hypoglycaemia can be treated with:

• Eating or drinking something that contains glucose, such as:
• Glucose tablets or gels
• Fruit juice or regular soda
• Candy or other sugary snacks
• Milk or other dairy products
• Eating a small snack that contains protein and complex carbohydrates, such as:
• Crackers with peanut butter or cheese
• A sandwich or energy bar
• Fresh fruit with nuts or seeds

Severe hypoglycaemia, which can cause seizures or loss of consciousness, requires immediate medical attention. Treatment may include:

• Administering glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels
• Providing intravenous glucose or other carbohydrates
• Monitoring blood glucose levels and adjusting treatment as needed

Prevention of Hypoglycaemia

To prevent hypoglycaemia, it's essential to:

• Eat regular meals that include a balance of carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats
• Monitor blood glucose levels regularly, especially if you have diabetes
• Adjust medication or insulin doses as needed
• Avoid skipping meals or not eating enough carbohydrates
• Be aware of the signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia and seek medical attention if they occur

Long-term Management of Hypoglycaemia

To manage hypoglycaemia in the long term, it's crucial to:

• Work with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan
• Monitor blood glucose levels regularly and adjust treatment as needed
• Maintain a healthy diet that includes a balance of carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
• Get regular exercise, but adjust food intake accordingly to prevent hypoglycaemia