Hypermobility Syndrome

Hypermobility syndrome, also known as joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS), is a condition characterized by excessive movement or flexibility of the joints. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including joint pain, instability, and other related issues.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of hypermobility syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic factors, as well as abnormalities in the connective tissue that supports the joints. People with a family history of the condition are more likely to develop it, and women are also more commonly affected than men.

Symptoms

The symptoms of hypermobility syndrome can vary from person to person, but common complaints include:

• Joint pain or stiffness, particularly in the knees, hips, and shoulders
• Joint instability or feeling of the joint "giving way"
• Muscle pain or weakness
• Fatigue
• Back pain
• Headaches
• Gastrointestinal issues, such as constipation or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Diagnosis

Diagnosing hypermobility syndrome can be challenging, as the symptoms are often similar to those of other conditions. A diagnosis is typically made based on a combination of:

• Medical history and physical examination
• Beighton score, which assesses joint mobility and flexibility
• Imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, to rule out other conditions

Treatment and Management

Treatment for hypermobility syndrome typically focuses on managing symptoms and improving joint stability. This may include:

• Physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve joint mobility
• Pain management, such as medication or alternative therapies like acupuncture
• Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding heavy lifting or bending, and taking regular breaks to rest and stretch
• Orthotics or assistive devices to support joints and improve stability

Complications and Related Conditions

People with hypermobility syndrome are at increased risk of developing related conditions, such as:

• Osteoarthritis
• Fibromyalgia
• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder
• Gastrointestinal issues, such as IBS or constipation
• Anxiety and depression

It is essential for individuals with hypermobility syndrome to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage symptoms and prevent complications.