Hirsutism

Hirsutism is a medical condition characterized by excessive growth of dark or thick hair in women, particularly on the face, chest, back, and buttocks. This condition affects approximately 5-10% of women of childbearing age.

Causes of Hirsutism

The primary cause of hirsutism is an excess of androgens, such as testosterone, in the body. Androgens are male hormones that are normally present in small amounts in women. However, when these hormone levels become elevated, it can lead to excessive hair growth.

Some common causes of hirsutism include:

• PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): a hormonal disorder that affects ovulation and androgen production
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: a genetic disorder that affects the adrenal glands' ability to produce hormones
• Androgen-Secreting Tumors: rare tumors that produce excess androgens
• Idiopathic Hirsutism: hirsutism without an identifiable cause, often due to sensitivity to normal levels of androgens
• Cushing's Syndrome: a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels

Symptoms of Hirsutism

The primary symptom of hirsutism is excessive hair growth on the face, chest, back, and buttocks. Other symptoms may include:

• Acne
• Male pattern baldness or thinning hair
• Deepening voice
• Enlargement of the clitoris
• Irregular menstrual cycles

Diagnosis of Hirsutism

A diagnosis of hirsutism is typically made based on a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. These may include:

• Physical examination to assess hair growth patterns and other symptoms
• Hormone level tests to measure androgen levels
• Pelvic exam to rule out other conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or MRI, to evaluate the ovaries and adrenal glands

Treatment of Hirsutism

Treatment for hirsutism depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Hormonal therapies, such as birth control pills or anti-androgen medications, to reduce androgen levels
• Medications to regulate menstrual cycles and improve fertility
• Topical creams or oral medications to slow hair growth
• Electrolysis or laser hair removal for permanent hair reduction
• Surgery to remove androgen-secreting tumors, if present

Management of Hirsutism

In addition to medical treatment, there are several ways to manage hirsutism:

• Weight loss, if applicable, to reduce insulin resistance and androgen levels
• Regular exercise to improve insulin sensitivity and overall health
• Stress management techniques, such as yoga or meditation, to reduce stress and anxiety
• Cosmetic treatments, such as waxing or depilatory creams, to temporarily remove excess hair