High White Blood Cell Count

A high white blood cell (WBC) count, also known as leukocytosis, is a condition where the number of white blood cells in the blood exceeds the normal range. The normal range for WBC count is typically between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per microliter (µL) of blood.

Causes

There are several possible causes of a high WBC count, including:

• Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause an increase in WBC count as the body tries to fight off the infection.
• Inflammation: Conditions such as arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other autoimmune disorders can lead to a high WBC count.
• Allergic reactions: Severe allergic reactions can cause an increase in WBC count.
• Cancer: Certain types of cancer, such as leukemia or lymphoma, can cause a high WBC count.
• Medications: Some medications, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, can affect WBC count.
• Stress: Physical or emotional stress can cause an increase in WBC count.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a high WBC count can vary depending on the underlying cause. Some common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Muscle or joint pain
• Swollen lymph nodes

Diagnosis

A high WBC count is typically diagnosed through a complete blood count (CBC) test, which measures the levels of different types of blood cells, including white blood cells. A healthcare provider may also perform other tests, such as:

• Blood cultures to check for infection
• Imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans, to look for signs of inflammation or cancer
• Biopsy to examine tissue samples for abnormal cell growth

Treatment

The treatment for a high WBC count depends on the underlying cause. Some possible treatments include:

• Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections
• Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce inflammation
• Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, if cancer is present
• Medications to manage symptoms, such as pain relievers or antihistamines

Complications

If left untreated, a high WBC count can lead to complications, such as:

• Sepsis, a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's response to an infection becomes uncontrolled
• Organ damage, such as kidney or liver damage, due to chronic inflammation
• Cancer progression, if cancer is present