Herpes Simplex Eye Infections

Herpes simplex eye infections, also known as herpetic keratitis or ocular herpes, are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). This viral infection can affect various parts of the eye, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelids.

Causes and Risk Factors

The herpes simplex virus is a common cause of eye infections. There are two types of HSV: HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 is typically associated with oral herpes (cold sores), while HSV-2 is associated with genital herpes. However, both types can infect the eyes.

Risk factors for developing herpetic keratitis include:

• Previous history of cold sores or genital herpes
• Weakened immune system
• Eye trauma or surgery
• Contact lens use

Symptoms

Symptoms of herpetic keratitis may include:

• Redness and swelling of the eye
• Pain or discomfort in the eye
• Blurred vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Discharge or tearing
• A feeling of grittiness or sand in the eye

Diagnosis

Diagnosing herpetic keratitis typically involves a combination of:

• Medical history and physical examination
• Slit-lamp examination to visualize the cornea and other eye structures
• Corneal scraping or biopsy to collect tissue samples for laboratory analysis
• Viral culture or PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing to detect the presence of HSV

Treatment

Treatment for herpetic keratitis usually involves antiviral medications, such as:

• Topical antiviral eye drops or ointments (e.g., trifluridine, ganciclovir)
• Oral antiviral medications (e.g., acyclovir, valacyclovir)

In some cases, additional treatments may be necessary to manage symptoms and prevent complications, such as:

• Pain relief medication
• Anti-inflammatory medication
• Antibiotic medication to prevent secondary bacterial infections

Complications and Prognosis

If left untreated or poorly managed, herpetic keratitis can lead to complications such as:

• Corneal scarring or ulcers
• Vision loss or blindness
• Recurrent infections
• Increased risk of secondary eye infections

With prompt and proper treatment, most people with herpetic keratitis can recover fully and regain normal vision. However, some individuals may experience recurrent episodes or persistent symptoms.