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Hepatitis Panel

A hepatitis panel is a group of blood tests used to diagnose and monitor liver infections caused by hepatitis viruses. The panel typically includes tests for:

  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV): IgM and IgG antibodies, which indicate current or past infection
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV):
    • HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen): indicates current infection
    • HBsAb (hepatitis B surface antibody): indicates immunity or past infection
    • HBcAb (hepatitis B core antibody): indicates current or past infection
    • HBeAg (hepatitis B e-antigen): indicates viral replication and high infectivity
    • HBeAb (hepatitis B e-antibody): indicates reduced viral replication and lower infectivity
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV):
    • HCV Ab (hepatitis C antibody): indicates current or past infection
    • HCV RNA (hepatitis C viral RNA): detects the genetic material of the virus, indicating current infection
  • Hepatitis D virus (HDV): HDV Ab (hepatitis D antibody), which indicates current or past infection. Note that HDV can only infect individuals who are already infected with HBV.

The hepatitis panel may also include tests for other liver function parameters, such as:

  • Alanine transaminase (ALT): an enzyme that indicates liver damage or inflammation
  • Aspartate transaminase (AST): an enzyme that indicates liver damage or inflammation
  • Bilirubin: a pigment that can accumulate in the blood and cause jaundice if the liver is not functioning properly

The results of the hepatitis panel are used to:

  • Diagnose acute or chronic hepatitis infections
  • Determine the severity of liver damage or inflammation
  • Monitor the effectiveness of treatment for hepatitis infections
  • Screen individuals who are at high risk for hepatitis infections, such as healthcare workers or individuals with a history of injection drug use

Article last updated on: 15th June 2025.
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