Hepatic Hemangioma

A hepatic hemangioma, also known as a liver hemangioma or cavernous hemangioma, is a benign tumor composed of blood vessels that occurs in the liver. It is the most common type of liver tumor, and it is usually found incidentally during imaging tests for other conditions.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of hepatic hemangiomas is not known, but they are thought to be congenital, meaning that they are present at birth. They may also be associated with certain genetic conditions, such as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Women are more likely to develop hepatic hemangiomas than men, and they are often found in people between the ages of 30 and 50.

Symptoms

Most people with hepatic hemangiomas do not experience any symptoms. However, some people may have:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Fatigue

These symptoms are usually mild and may be caused by other conditions. In rare cases, a hepatic hemangioma can rupture and cause severe abdominal pain, bleeding, and shock.

Diagnosis

Hepatic hemangiomas are often diagnosed incidentally during imaging tests such as:

• Ultrasound
• Computed Tomography (CT) scan
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

These tests can help identify the location and size of the tumor. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis, but this is usually not necessary.

Treatment

Most hepatic hemangiomas do not require treatment and can be monitored with regular imaging tests. However, in some cases, treatment may be necessary if the tumor is:

• Large or growing
• Causing symptoms
• At risk of rupture

Treatment options may include:

• Watchful waiting with regular imaging tests
• Surgical removal of the tumor (resection)
• Embolization to block blood flow to the tumor
• Radiation therapy

Prognosis

The prognosis for people with hepatic hemangiomas is generally excellent. Most tumors are benign and do not cause any symptoms or complications. However, in rare cases, a hepatic hemangioma can rupture and cause severe bleeding, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.