Hematuria

Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine. It is a symptom that can be associated with various medical conditions, ranging from mild and temporary to severe and life-threatening.

Types of Hematuria

• Gross Hematuria: This type of hematuria is characterized by visible blood in the urine, which can cause the urine to appear pink, red, or brown.
• Microscopic Hematuria: In this type, the blood in the urine is only visible under a microscope. It is often detected during a routine urinalysis.

Causes of Hematuria

Hematuria can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Kidney stones
• Bladder or kidney cancer
• Injury to the kidneys or urinary tract
• Medications, such as blood thinners or certain antibiotics
• Medical conditions, such as glomerulonephritis or nephrotic syndrome
• Vigorous exercise, which can cause temporary hematuria in some individuals

Symptoms Associated with Hematuria

In addition to the presence of blood in the urine, other symptoms may include:

• Pain or discomfort while urinating
• Frequent or urgent need to urinate
• Abdominal pain or flank pain
• Fever or chills
• Nausea or vomiting

Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematuria

To diagnose the underlying cause of hematuria, a healthcare provider may perform:

• Urinalysis to detect blood, protein, or other abnormalities in the urine
• Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, to visualize the kidneys and urinary tract
• Cystoscopy to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra
• Blood tests to evaluate kidney function and detect any underlying medical conditions

Treatment for hematuria depends on the underlying cause. It may include:

• Antibiotics to treat UTIs or other infections
• Pain medication to manage discomfort or pain
• Surgery to remove kidney stones or tumors
• Medications to manage underlying medical conditions, such as high blood pressure or diabetes

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the following, seek medical attention immediately:

• Gross hematuria that persists or worsens over time
• Severe pain or discomfort while urinating
• Fever or chills accompanied by hematuria
• Vomiting or nausea associated with hematuria
• Difficulty starting or stopping urination