Heat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion is a heat-related illness that occurs when the body loses too much water and salt through excessive sweating, causing an imbalance in bodily fluids.

Causes

Heat exhaustion is often caused by:

• Prolonged exposure to high temperatures
• Strenuous physical activity in hot weather
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Wearing heavy or dark clothing that traps heat
• Certain medical conditions, such as heart disease or diabetes
• Medications that affect the body's ability to regulate temperature

Symptoms

The symptoms of heat exhaustion may include:

• Heavy sweating
• Pale, cool, and clammy skin
• Fast and weak pulse
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or fainting
• Headache
• Fatigue or weakness
• Rapid breathing
• Muscle cramps

Treatment

Treatment for heat exhaustion typically involves:

• Moving to a cool, well-ventilated area
• Removing excess clothing
• Drinking cool water or sports drinks to replenish fluids and electrolytes
• Taking regular breaks to rest and cool off
• Avoiding strenuous activities for at least 24 hours
• Seeking medical attention if symptoms worsen or last longer than 15 minutes

Prevention

To prevent heat exhaustion, it is recommended to:

• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and electrolyte-rich fluids
• Avoid strenuous activities during the hottest part of the day (usually between 11am and 3pm)
• Wear lightweight, light-colored clothing that allows for good airflow
• Take regular breaks to rest and cool off in a shaded or air-conditioned area
• Avoid leaving children or pets unattended in vehicles, as the temperature can quickly become life-threatening

Complications

If left untreated, heat exhaustion can lead to more serious complications, including:

• Heat stroke, a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's temperature regulation fails
• Dehydration, which can cause seizures, brain damage, and even death
• Organ damage, such as kidney or liver failure

When to Seek Medical Attention

Seek medical attention immediately if you or someone else experiences:

• Severe symptoms that last longer than 15 minutes
• Confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness
• Vomiting or diarrhea that lasts more than 1 hour
• Fever above 103°F (39.4°C)
• Signs of dehydration, such as excessive thirst, dark urine, or decreased urine output