Heart Rate

The heart rate, also known as pulse, is the number of times the heart beats per minute (bpm). A normal heart rate varies from person to person, but a typical range for adults is between 60-100 bpm.

Normal Heart Rates

• Newborns (0-1 month): 100-160 bpm
• Infants (1-12 months): 80-120 bpm
• Toddlers (1-2 years): 80-120 bpm
• Children (6-12 years): 70-100 bpm
• Adults: 60-100 bpm
• Athletes or individuals who are physically fit: 40-60 bpm

Factors Affecting Heart Rate

Several factors can influence heart rate, including:

• Age: Heart rate tends to decrease with age
• Physical activity: Exercise or physical activity can increase heart rate
• Emotions: Stress, anxiety, or excitement can increase heart rate
• Medications: Certain medications, such as beta blockers, can affect heart rate
• Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as hyperthyroidism or anemia, can affect heart rate
• Sleep: Heart rate tends to be slower during sleep
• Temperature: Exposure to extreme temperatures can affect heart rate

Abnormal Heart Rates

An abnormal heart rate can be a sign of an underlying medical condition. Abnormal heart rates include:

• Tachycardia: A heart rate that is too fast (above 100 bpm)
• Bradycardia: A heart rate that is too slow (below 60 bpm)
• Atrial fibrillation: An irregular heart rhythm
• Ventricular fibrillation: A life-threatening irregular heart rhythm

Measuring Heart Rate

Heart rate can be measured using various methods, including:

• Pulse palpation: Feeling the pulse at the wrist or neck
• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): A non-invasive test that measures the electrical activity of the heart
• Holter monitor: A portable device that records the heart's electrical activity over a 24-hour period
• Pulse oximeter: A non-invasive device that measures oxygen saturation and heart rate