Headache and Exercise

Exertional headaches are a type of headache that occurs during or after physical activity, such as exercise. These headaches can be primary, meaning they occur without an underlying cause, or secondary, resulting from an underlying condition.

Causes of Exertional Headaches

• Primary Exertional Headache: This type of headache is usually benign and occurs in people who are otherwise healthy. It may be related to the physical exertion itself, changes in blood pressure, or other factors such as dehydration or overheating.
• Secondary Exertional Headache: These headaches can be a symptom of an underlying condition that requires medical attention. Possible causes include:
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding in the space surrounding the brain)
  • Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
  • Intracranial tumors
  • Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis
  • Temporal arteritis (inflammation of the blood vessels in the head)

Symptoms

Symptoms of exertional headaches can vary but often include:

• Pain on both sides of the head, though it can be unilateral
• Pain that is throbbing or pulsating in nature
• Severity can range from mild to severe
• Duration can vary but often lasts less than a day
• May be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound

Diagnosis

Diagnosing the cause of an exertional headache involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and possibly diagnostic tests. These may include:

• Imaging studies like MRI or CT scans to rule out structural causes
• Blood tests to check for signs of infection or inflammation
• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) in some cases to examine cerebrospinal fluid

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. For primary exertional headaches, recommendations may include:

• Avoiding overexertion
• Staying hydrated
• Avoiding triggers such as high altitudes or extreme temperatures
• Pain management with over-the-counter medications under the guidance of a healthcare provider

For secondary exertional headaches, treatment focuses on addressing the underlying condition.

When to Seek Medical Attention

It's crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• A sudden and severe headache
• Headache accompanied by fever, stiff neck, confusion, or seizures
• Weakness, numbness, or paralysis in the face or extremities
• Vision changes or speech difficulties