Gum Disease

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a chronic bacterial infection of the gums and bone that support the teeth. It is a major cause of tooth loss in adults and has been linked to various systemic diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections.

Types of Gum Disease

There are several types of gum disease, including:

• Gingivitis: This is the mildest form of gum disease, characterized by inflammation of the gums (gingiva) and bleeding on probing. It is reversible with proper treatment.
• Periodontitis: This is a more advanced stage of gum disease, where the infection has spread to the bone and ligaments that support the teeth. It can lead to tooth loss if left untreated.
• Aggressive Periodontitis: This is a rare and aggressive form of periodontitis that can cause rapid destruction of the gums and bone in a short amount of time.
• Necrotizing Periodontal Disease: This is a rare and severe form of gum disease characterized by necrosis (death) of the gums and bone.

Symptoms of Gum Disease

The symptoms of gum disease may include:

• Bleeding gums, especially when brushing or flossing
• Red, swollen, or tender gums
• Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
• Loose teeth or teeth that are moving
• Receding gums, exposing the roots of the teeth
• Pus or discharge between the teeth and gums
• A change in the fit of partial dentures

Causes of Gum Disease

The main cause of gum disease is the accumulation of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, on the teeth. Other factors that can contribute to the development of gum disease include:

• Poor oral hygiene
• Smoking or using tobacco products
• Genetics
• Hormonal changes, such as those experienced during pregnancy or menopause
• Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis
• Certain medications, such as steroids or blood pressure medications

Treatments for Gum Disease

The treatment of gum disease depends on the severity of the condition and may include:

• Professional cleaning: A deep cleaning of the teeth and gums to remove plaque, tartar, and bacteria.
• Scaling and root planing: A procedure that removes plaque, tartar, and bacteria from below the gum line and smooths out the roots of the teeth.
• Antibiotics: May be prescribed to help control bacterial infections.
• Surgery: May be necessary in advanced cases of gum disease to repair damaged gums and bone.
• Flap surgery: A procedure that involves lifting the gums to remove plaque, tartar, and bacteria from below the gum line.
• Bone grafting: A procedure that involves transplanting bone tissue to repair damaged bone.
• Tissue regeneration: A procedure that involves using membranes or other materials to stimulate the growth of new tissue.

Prevention of Gum Disease

To prevent gum disease, it is essential to practice good oral hygiene, including:

• Brushing teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
• Flossing once a day to remove plaque and bacteria from between the teeth
• Visiting a dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings
• Avoiding tobacco products
• Eating a healthy diet that is low in sugar and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains