Group B Strep Disease

Group B strep (GBS) disease is a serious infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B streptococcus. It is a common cause of illness in people of all ages, but it is most commonly associated with pregnant women and newborns.

Causes and Risk Factors

Group B strep bacteria are normally found in the vagina and rectum of healthy women. In some cases, the bacteria can cause an infection during pregnancy, which can be passed to the baby during delivery. The risk factors for GBS disease include:

• Pregnancy
• Previous history of GBS disease
• Current bladder or urinary tract infection
• Rupture of membranes (water breaking) more than 18 hours before delivery
• Fever during labor
• Group B strep colonization in the vagina or rectum

Symptoms

The symptoms of GBS disease can vary depending on the age and health status of the individual. In newborns, the symptoms may include:

• Difficulty breathing
• Blue discoloration of the skin (cyanosis)
• Grunting or other unusual sounds while breathing
• Apnea (pauses in breathing)
• Lethargy or lack of responsiveness
• Fever
• Seizures

In adults, the symptoms may include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Pain or burning while urinating
• Abdominal pain or tenderness
• Vaginal discharge or bleeding

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of GBS disease is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. The tests may include:

• Pregnancy screening test (between 35-37 weeks of gestation)
• Urinalysis
• Blood cultures
• Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (in cases of suspected meningitis)

Treatment

The treatment for GBS disease typically involves antibiotics, which are usually administered intravenously. The specific antibiotic and duration of treatment will depend on the severity of the infection and the individual's overall health status.

Prevention

To prevent GBS disease, pregnant women can take the following steps:

• Get tested for GBS between 35-37 weeks of gestation
• Follow proper hygiene and infection control practices during delivery
• Receive antibiotics during labor if GBS is detected
• Avoid unnecessary vaginal exams or procedures during labor

It is essential to note that while these measures can reduce the risk of GBS disease, they may not eliminate it entirely.