General Anaesthetic

A general anaesthetic is a type of anaesthesia that induces a state of controlled, unconsciousness and total lack of sensation, affecting the entire body.

Definition and Purpose

A general anaesthetic is used to induce a sleep-like state, allowing patients to undergo surgical procedures without feeling pain or discomfort. The primary purpose of a general anaesthetic is to provide:

• Pain relief
• Muscle relaxation
• Amnesia (loss of memory)
• Unconsciousness

Types of General Anaesthetics

There are several types of general anaesthetics, including:

• Inhalational anaesthetics: These are administered through a mask or endotracheal tube and include agents such as sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane.
• Intravenous anaesthetics: These are administered through a vein and include agents such as propofol, thiopental, and ketamine.
• Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA): This involves the use of a combination of intravenous anaesthetics to induce and maintain anaesthesia.

Administration and Monitoring

A general anaesthetic is typically administered by an anaesthesiologist or a trained healthcare professional. The administration process involves:

• Pre-anaesthetic evaluation: A thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, physical condition, and current medications.
• Induction: The administration of the anaesthetic agent to induce unconsciousness.
• Maintenance: The ongoing administration of the anaesthetic agent to maintain the desired level of anaesthesia.
• Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of the patient's vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate.

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with general anaesthetics, including:

• Respiratory problems: Such as respiratory depression or failure.
• Cardiovascular problems: Such as hypotension (low blood pressure) or hypertension (high blood pressure).
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness and disorientation
• Allergic reactions

Recovery

After a general anaesthetic, patients are typically taken to a recovery room where they are closely monitored as they recover from the anaesthesia. The recovery process involves:

• Oxygen therapy: To help increase oxygen levels in the blood.
• Pain management: To control any discomfort or pain.
• Vital sign monitoring: To ensure the patient's vital signs are stable and within normal limits.