Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is a type of assisted reproductive technology (ART) used to help individuals or couples conceive. The procedure involves transferring eggs and sperm directly into the fallopian tubes, allowing fertilization to occur naturally.

Indications for GIFT

• Unexplained infertility
• Mild male factor infertility
• Tubal dysfunction or damage
• Endometriosis
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Procedure Overview

The GIFT procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. Ovulation induction: Medications are used to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.
2. Egg retrieval: Eggs are retrieved from the ovaries through a minor surgical procedure, usually under sedation or light anesthesia.
3. Sperm preparation: A semen sample is collected and prepared for transfer.
4. Laparoscopy: A laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen to visualize the fallopian tubes.
5. Transfer: The eggs and sperm are transferred into the fallopian tubes using a catheter.

Success Rates

The success rates for GIFT vary depending on several factors, including:

• Age of the woman
• Quality of the eggs and sperm
• Number of eggs transferred
• Presence of any underlying medical conditions

On average, the pregnancy rate for GIFT is around 20-30% per cycle, with a live birth rate of around 15-25% per cycle.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and complications associated with GIFT, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding or hemorrhage
• Adhesions or scar tissue formation
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Multiple pregnancy (e.g., twins, triplets)

Comparison to Other ART Procedures

GIFT is often compared to other ART procedures, such as:

• In vitro fertilization (IVF): Eggs are fertilized outside the body and then transferred to the uterus.
• Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT): A zygote (fertilized egg) is transferred into the fallopian tube.
• Tubal embryo transfer (TET): An embryo is transferred into the fallopian tube.

Each procedure has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of procedure depends on individual circumstances and medical history.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)?
A fertility treatment where eggs and sperm are placed in the fallopian tubes.

Who is GIFT typically recommended for?
Couples with unexplained infertility, mild male factor infertility, or women with at least one open fallopian tube.

How is GIFT performed?
Through laparoscopy or mini-laparotomy, under general anesthesia or sedation.

What are the success rates of GIFT?
Varying, generally lower than in vitro fertilization (IVF), around 20-30% per cycle.

Are there risks associated with GIFT?
Yes, including infection, adhesions, and ectopic pregnancy.

Can GIFT be used for women with blocked fallopian tubes?
No, at least one fallopian tube must be open for the procedure to be effective.

How many eggs are typically transferred during GIFT?
Usually 2-4 eggs, depending on the individual case and clinic protocols.

Is GIFT a form of in vitro fertilization (IVF)?
No, while related, GIFT involves placing eggs and sperm in the fallopian tubes, not fertilizing outside the body like IVF.

What are the requirements for undergoing GIFT?
Generally includes a thorough medical evaluation, hormone testing, and semen analysis.

Is GIFT covered by insurance?
Coverage varies widely depending on the insurance provider and specific policy.