Fractured Leg

A fractured leg, also known as a leg fracture, is a break or crack in one of the bones in the leg. The leg consists of three long bones: the femur (thigh bone), patella (kneecap), and tibia and fibula (lower leg bones). A fracture can occur in any of these bones.

Types of Fractures

• Non-displaced fracture: The bone is cracked, but it remains in place.
• Displaced fracture: The bone is broken into two or more pieces that are out of place.
• Comminuted fracture: The bone is broken into three or more pieces.
• Open fracture (compound fracture): The skin is broken, and the bone is exposed to the outside environment, increasing the risk of infection.
• Closed fracture (simple fracture): The skin is intact, and the bone is not exposed.

Symptoms

• Pain or tenderness in the affected area
• Swelling or bruising
• Deformity or abnormal alignment of the leg
• Difficulty moving the leg or bearing weight
• Numbness or tingling in the foot or toes
• Coldness or paleness of the skin below the fracture site

Causes

• Trauma, such as a car accident or fall
• Sports injuries, such as soccer or football
• Overuse or repetitive stress, such as running or jumping
• Osteoporosis or other bone diseases that weaken the bones
• Tumors or cysts that weaken the bone structure

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a fractured leg typically involves:

• Physical examination and medical history
• X-rays to confirm the fracture and determine its severity
• CT or MRI scans to evaluate the extent of the injury and check for other complications

Treatment

Treatment for a fractured leg depends on the type and severity of the fracture, as well as the individual's overall health. Common treatment options include:

• Immobilization: Casting, bracing, or splinting to hold the bone in place while it heals.
• Pain management: Medications to control pain and discomfort.
• Surgery: To realign and stabilize the bone, especially for displaced or comminuted fractures.
• Physical therapy: To regain strength, mobility, and range of motion after the fracture has healed.

Complications

Possible complications of a fractured leg include:

• Infection
• Nerve damage
• Blood clots
• Arthritis or long-term joint problems
• Malunion or nonunion of the fracture, where the bone does not heal properly

Recovery

The recovery time for a fractured leg varies depending on the severity of the injury and the individual's overall health. Generally, it can take several weeks to several months for the bone to heal, and physical therapy may be necessary to regain full strength and mobility.