Floaters and Flashes in the Eyes

Floaters and flashes are common symptoms that can occur in one or both eyes, causing visual disturbances. These symptoms can be related to various conditions, ranging from benign to serious.

What are Floaters?

Floaters are small, dark spots or cobweb-like structures that appear to float in front of the eyes. They are usually more noticeable when looking at bright lights or white surfaces. Floaters are caused by small clumps of cells or protein fibers that form in the vitreous gel, which is the clear jelly-like substance inside the eyeball.

What are Flashes?

Flashes are brief, sudden flashes of light that can appear as lightning streaks or zigzag patterns. They are often seen in the peripheral vision and can be more noticeable at night or in low-light conditions. Flashes occur when the vitreous gel rubs against the retina, causing electrical impulses that are interpreted by the brain as flashes of light.

Causes of Floaters and Flashes

• Age-related changes: As people age, the vitreous gel can shrink and become more liquid, causing floaters to form. This is a common occurrence in people over 50 years old.
• Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD): PVD occurs when the vitreous gel separates from the retina, which can cause floaters and flashes. This condition is usually harmless but can increase the risk of retinal detachment.
• Retinal tears or detachment: A retinal tear or detachment can cause sudden and severe flashes and floaters. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
• Eye inflammation or infection: Conditions such as uveitis, endophthalmitis, or retinitis can cause floaters and flashes due to inflammation or infection in the eye.
• Trauma or injury: A blow to the head or a direct injury to the eye can cause floaters and flashes.

Symptoms and Characteristics

• Floaters may appear as small dots, lines, or cobwebs
• Flashes may appear as brief, sudden flashes of light or zigzag patterns
• Symptoms can be more noticeable in bright lights or when looking at white surfaces
• Symptoms can be constant or intermittent
• In some cases, floaters and flashes can be accompanied by other symptoms such as blurred vision, double vision, or eye pain

Diagnosis and Treatment

A comprehensive eye examination is necessary to determine the cause of floaters and flashes. The examination may include:

• Visual acuity test
• Pupil dilation
• Slit-lamp examination
• Ophthalmoscopy
• Ultrasound or other imaging tests (if necessary)

Treatment for floaters and flashes depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, no treatment is needed, while in others, medical attention may be required to prevent complications such as retinal detachment.