Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

A flexible sigmoidoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the lower part of the colon (large intestine) and rectum. The procedure involves using a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end, called a sigmoidoscope, to visualize the inside of the sigmoid colon and rectum.

Purpose

The purpose of a flexible sigmoidoscopy is to:

• Diagnose and monitor conditions such as diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer
• Investigate symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and rectal bleeding
• Screen for colon polyps and cancer in individuals with a family history or other risk factors

Preparation

To prepare for a flexible sigmoidoscopy, patients typically:

• Follow a liquid diet for 1-2 days before the procedure
• Take laxatives or enemas to clear the bowel of stool and gas
• Remove any clothing or jewelry that may interfere with the procedure

Procedure

The flexible sigmoidoscopy procedure typically involves:

• The patient lying on their side or back on an examination table
• The doctor inserting the sigmoidoscope into the rectum and guiding it through the sigmoid colon
• The camera and light on the end of the sigmoidoscope transmitting images to a monitor for the doctor to view
• The doctor inflating the colon with air to get a better view
• The procedure typically taking 10-30 minutes to complete

Risks and Complications

While generally safe, flexible sigmoidoscopy carries some risks and complications, including:

• Bleeding or perforation of the colon
• Infection
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Dizziness or lightheadedness due to the sedation used during the procedure

After the Procedure

After a flexible sigmoidoscopy, patients may:

• Experience some bloating, gas, or discomfort due to the air used during the procedure
• Be able to resume normal activities and diet immediately after the procedure
• Receive instructions on how to manage any symptoms or complications that may arise

Results

The results of a flexible sigmoidoscopy are typically available immediately after the procedure. The doctor will discuss the findings with the patient, including:

• Any abnormalities or conditions found during the procedure
• Recommendations for further testing or treatment
• A plan for follow-up care and monitoring