Flat Feet (Fallen Arches)

Flat feet, also known as fallen arches or pes planus, is a common foot condition where the arch of the foot collapses or does not develop properly. This results in the entire sole of the foot touching the ground when standing, rather than just the heel and ball of the foot.

Symptoms

• Pain in the feet, ankles, or legs, especially after standing or walking for long periods
• Swelling on the inside of the ankle
• Difficulty standing on tiptoes
• Foot fatigue or cramping
• Pronation (inward rolling) of the feet when walking
• Uneven wear on shoes, with more wear on the inner side of the heel and sole
• Difficulty fitting into certain types of shoes due to a low arch or flat foot shape

Causes

Flat feet can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Genetics: Flat feet can run in families
• Weakened or stretched foot ligaments and tendons
• Foot injuries, such as fractures or sprains
• Neurological disorders, such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy
• Aging: The arch of the foot can collapse over time due to wear and tear
• Obesity: Excess weight can put additional stress on the feet and lead to flat feet

Treatments

Treatment for flat feet depends on the severity of the condition and the individual's symptoms. Some common treatments include:

• Orthotics and shoe inserts: Custom-made orthotics or over-the-counter arch supports can help redistribute pressure and alleviate pain
• Physical therapy: Exercises to stretch and strengthen the foot and ankle muscles can help improve flexibility and reduce pain
• Pain relief medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help alleviate pain and inflammation
• Footwear modifications: Wearing shoes with good arch support and a comfortable fit can help reduce stress on the feet
• Surgery: In severe cases of flat feet, surgery may be necessary to repair or reconstruct the foot ligaments and tendons

Prevention

To prevent flat feet or alleviate symptoms, individuals can take the following steps:

• Wear shoes with good arch support and a comfortable fit
• Avoid standing or walking for long periods without taking regular breaks to rest and stretch
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the feet
• Engage in regular exercise, such as stretching and strengthening exercises, to improve foot flexibility and strength
• Avoid activities that involve repetitive stress on the feet, such as running or jumping

Complications

If left untreated, flat feet can lead to a range of complications, including:

• Chronic pain and discomfort
• Achilles tendonitis or other foot and ankle injuries
• Knee, hip, or back pain due to altered gait and biomechanics
• Difficulty walking or engaging in physical activities
• Poor posture and balance due to altered foot mechanics