Fifth Disease

Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a common and highly contagious viral illness that affects people of all ages, but it is most commonly seen in children. The disease is caused by parvovirus B19.

What is Fifth Disease?

Fifth disease is a mild to moderate illness that is characterized by a distinctive "slapped-cheek" rash on the face, as well as a lacy or reticular rash on the body. The virus that causes fifth disease is spread through respiratory secretions, such as saliva and mucus, and can also be spread through contact with contaminated surfaces.

Symptoms of Fifth Disease

The symptoms of fifth disease typically begin within 4-14 days after exposure to the virus and may include:

• A distinctive "slapped-cheek" rash on the face, which is characterized by a bright red color and a well-defined border
• A lacy or reticular rash on the body, which may appear on the arms, legs, torso, and buttocks
• Mild fever, typically less than 102°F (39°C)
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Cough

Treatments for Fifth Disease

There is no specific treatment for fifth disease, and most people recover on their own within 7-10 days. However, there are some things that can be done to help manage the symptoms:

• Rest and hydration: Getting plenty of rest and staying hydrated can help to reduce the severity of symptoms
• Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help to relieve headaches and fever
• Antihistamines: Antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, can help to relieve itching and reduce the severity of the rash
• Cool compresses: Applying cool compresses to the affected areas can help to reduce the redness and discomfort of the rash

Complications of Fifth Disease

In rare cases, fifth disease can lead to complications, such as:

• Anemia: People with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions may be at risk for developing anemia due to the virus's effect on red blood cell production
• Aplastic crisis: In people with sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathies, fifth disease can trigger an aplastic crisis, which is a temporary shutdown of bone marrow function
• Arthritis: Some adults may experience joint pain and swelling due to the virus
• Infection during pregnancy: If a pregnant woman contracts fifth disease, there is a small risk that the virus can be transmitted to the fetus, which can lead to anemia or other complications

Prevention of Fifth Disease

There are several ways to reduce the risk of getting fifth disease:

• Practice good hygiene: Washing hands frequently and thoroughly, especially after blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing, can help to prevent the spread of the virus
• Avoid close contact with people who have the illness: Keeping a distance from people who are infected with fifth disease can help to reduce the risk of transmission
• Stay home when sick: If you are experiencing symptoms of fifth disease, stay home from work or school to prevent spreading the virus to others