Fibroadenoma

A fibroadenoma is a type of benign breast tumor that is common in women, particularly during their reproductive years. It is a non-cancerous growth that consists of glandular and fibrous tissue.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of fibroadenomas is not known, but they are thought to be related to hormonal changes, particularly fluctuations in estrogen levels. Women who have a family history of breast cancer or who have previously had a breast biopsy may be at increased risk of developing a fibroadenoma.

Symptoms

Fibroadenomas are usually asymptomatic, but they can cause symptoms such as:

• A lump or mass in the breast that is movable and painless
• Discharge from the nipple
• Pain or tenderness in the breast
• Changes in the size or shape of the breast

Diagnosis

Fibroadenomas are typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and biopsy. The diagnosis may involve:

• Clinical breast examination: A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination of the breast to check for any lumps or abnormalities.
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound test uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the breast tissue and can help distinguish between solid and fluid-filled masses.
• Mammography: A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast that can help identify any abnormalities, including fibroadenomas.
• Biopsy: A biopsy involves removing a sample of tissue from the breast for examination under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for fibroadenoma usually involves monitoring the lump with regular follow-up appointments and imaging tests. In some cases, surgical removal of the tumor may be necessary if it is large or causing symptoms. The goal of treatment is to:

• Confirm the diagnosis and rule out cancer
• Relieve any symptoms, such as pain or discomfort
• Improve cosmetic appearance, if the tumor is affecting the shape or size of the breast

Prognosis

Fibroadenomas are generally benign and do not increase the risk of developing breast cancer. However, it is essential to continue monitoring the lump with regular follow-up appointments and imaging tests to ensure that it does not change or grow over time.