Fetal Ultrasound

A fetal ultrasound, also known as a prenatal ultrasound, is a non-invasive medical imaging technique used to monitor the development and health of a fetus during pregnancy.

Purpose

The primary purpose of a fetal ultrasound is to:

• Confirm pregnancy and detect any potential complications early on
• Determine gestational age and due date
• Monitor fetal growth and development
• Check for any congenital anomalies or birth defects
• Assess the placenta and amniotic fluid

Types of Fetal Ultrasound

There are several types of fetal ultrasound, including:

• Transabdominal ultrasound: performed through the abdomen using a transducer to send and receive sound waves
• Transvaginal ultrasound: performed through the vagina using a transducer to send and receive sound waves, typically used in early pregnancy or when more detailed images are needed
• Doppler ultrasound: uses sound waves to measure blood flow and detect any potential issues with fetal circulation
• 3D and 4D ultrasound: uses advanced technology to create three-dimensional and four-dimensional images of the fetus, providing more detailed information about fetal development and anatomy

Procedure

The procedure for a fetal ultrasound typically involves:

• The patient lying on an examination table and exposing their abdomen or vagina, depending on the type of ultrasound being performed
• A clear gel being applied to the skin to help the transducer slide smoothly and conduct sound waves
• The transducer being moved over the abdomen or inserted into the vagina to send and receive sound waves
• The sound waves being converted into images, which are displayed on a monitor for the healthcare provider to interpret

Risks and Limitations

While fetal ultrasound is generally considered safe, there are some potential risks and limitations to be aware of:

• No established risk: there is no established risk of harm to the fetus or mother from the sound waves used in ultrasound imaging
• Dependence on operator skill: the accuracy of fetal ultrasound depends on the skill and experience of the healthcare provider performing the procedure
• Limited visibility: in some cases, fetal position or other factors may limit the visibility of certain structures or anomalies

Interpretation and Follow-up

The results of a fetal ultrasound are typically interpreted by a healthcare provider, who will:

• Review the images and measurements taken during the procedure
• Compare the findings to established norms and guidelines for fetal development
• Determine if any further testing or follow-up is needed based on the results