Female Sterilisation

Female sterilisation, also known as tubal ligation or "tying the tubes", is a surgical procedure that aims to permanently prevent pregnancy by blocking the fallopian tubes.

Types of Female Sterilisation

• Tubal Ligation: This involves cutting, tying, or clipping the fallopian tubes to block the passage of eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.
• Tubal Implant: A small metal implant is inserted into each fallopian tube, which causes a tissue reaction that blocks the tube.
• Bipolar Coagulation: An electric current is used to cauterise and block a portion of the fallopian tube.

Surgical Methods

Female sterilisation can be performed using various surgical methods, including:

• Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure where a laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen to view the fallopian tubes.
• Mini-Laparotomy: A small incision is made in the abdomen to access the fallopian tubes.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, female sterilisation carries some risks and complications, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding or haematoma
• Damage to surrounding organs or tissues
• Ectopic pregnancy (rare)
• Failure of the procedure (rare)

Effectiveness

Female sterilisation is a highly effective method of contraception, with a failure rate of less than 1%.

Reversibility

While female sterilisation is considered permanent, it may be possible to reverse the procedure in some cases. However, reversal is not always successful and may depend on various factors, including the type of procedure used and the length of time since the original surgery.

Post-Operative Care

After female sterilisation, patients typically require:

• Rest and recovery for several days
• Pain management with medication
• Follow-up appointments to check for complications and ensure the procedure was successful

Counselling and Consent

It is essential that patients receive thorough counselling and provide informed consent before undergoing female sterilisation. This includes discussing the risks, benefits, and alternatives to the procedure.