Fall Risk Assessment

A fall risk assessment is a systematic evaluation used to identify individuals at risk of falling, particularly in healthcare settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, and clinics.

Purpose

The primary purpose of a fall risk assessment is to:

• Identify patients who are at high risk of falling
• Determine the underlying factors contributing to the risk of falls
• Develop targeted interventions to prevent falls and reduce the risk of injury

Components of a Fall Risk Assessment

A comprehensive fall risk assessment typically includes:

• Medical history review, including previous falls and related injuries
• Physical examination, focusing on balance, gait, and mobility
• Medication review, particularly those that may increase the risk of falls (e.g., sedatives, antihypertensives)
• Cognitive and sensory function evaluation (e.g., vision, hearing)
• Environmental assessment, including home or facility hazards (e.g., tripping hazards, inadequate lighting)

Tools and Scales Used in Fall Risk Assessment

Several standardized tools and scales are used to assess fall risk, including:

• Morse Fall Scale (MFS)
• Hendrich II Fall Risk Model
• STRATIFY scale
• Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
• Berg Balance Scale (BBS)

Interventions Based on Fall Risk Assessment

Based on the results of a fall risk assessment, healthcare providers may implement various interventions to reduce the risk of falls, including:

• Modifying medications that increase fall risk
• Implementing exercise programs to improve balance and strength
• Using assistive devices (e.g., canes, walkers) or orthotics
• Removing environmental hazards and improving lighting
• Providing education on fall prevention strategies

Frequency of Fall Risk Assessment

Fall risk assessments should be performed:

• Upon admission to a healthcare facility
• After a fall or near-fall event
• When there is a change in the patient's condition or medication regimen
• At regular intervals (e.g., every 3-6 months) for patients with a history of falls or at high risk of falling