Fall Risk Assessment

A fall risk assessment is a systematic evaluation used to identify individuals at risk of falling, particularly in healthcare settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, and clinics.

Purpose

The primary purpose of a fall risk assessment is to:

• Identify patients who are at high risk of falling
• Determine the underlying factors contributing to the risk of falls
• Develop targeted interventions to prevent falls and reduce the risk of injury

Components of a Fall Risk Assessment

A comprehensive fall risk assessment typically includes:

• Medical history review, including previous falls and related injuries
• Physical examination, focusing on balance, gait, and mobility
• Medication review, particularly those that may increase the risk of falls (e.g., sedatives, antihypertensives)
• Cognitive and sensory function evaluation (e.g., vision, hearing)
• Environmental assessment, including home or facility hazards (e.g., tripping hazards, inadequate lighting)

Tools and Scales Used in Fall Risk Assessment

Several standardized tools and scales are used to assess fall risk, including:

• Morse Fall Scale (MFS)
• Hendrich II Fall Risk Model
• STRATIFY scale
• Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
• Berg Balance Scale (BBS)

Interventions Based on Fall Risk Assessment

Based on the results of a fall risk assessment, healthcare providers may implement various interventions to reduce the risk of falls, including:

• Modifying medications that increase fall risk
• Implementing exercise programs to improve balance and strength
• Using assistive devices (e.g., canes, walkers) or orthotics
• Removing environmental hazards and improving lighting
• Providing education on fall prevention strategies

Frequency of Fall Risk Assessment

Fall risk assessments should be performed:

• Upon admission to a healthcare facility
• After a fall or near-fall event
• When there is a change in the patient's condition or medication regimen
• At regular intervals (e.g., every 3-6 months) for patients with a history of falls or at high risk of falling

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a fall risk assessment?
Evaluation to identify patients at risk of falling.

Why is fall risk assessment important?
To prevent injuries and complications from falls.

Who should undergo fall risk assessment?
Patients with history of falls, older adults, or those with certain medical conditions.

What factors are considered in a fall risk assessment?
Age, medical history, medications, mobility, and environmental hazards.

How is fall risk assessment typically performed?
Using standardized tools and clinical judgment.

What are some common fall risk assessment tools?
Morse Fall Scale, Hendrich II Fall Risk Model, and Timed Up and Go test.

Can fall risk be reduced with interventions?
Possibly, with strategies such as exercise, medication review, and environmental modifications.

Are there any specific guidelines for fall risk assessment?
Guidelines vary by organization, but generally recommend regular assessments for at-risk patients.

Who should conduct a fall risk assessment?
Healthcare professionals, including nurses, physicians, and physical therapists.

How often should fall risk assessment be repeated?
Regularly, or when patient's condition changes, to ensure ongoing accuracy.