Eye Cancer

Eye cancer, also known as ocular cancer, refers to any type of cancer that affects the eye or surrounding tissues. It can occur in various parts of the eye, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and optic nerve.

Types of Eye Cancer

• Melanoma of the Eye: This is the most common type of eye cancer in adults. It occurs when pigment-producing cells called melanocytes become malignant.
• Retinoblastoma: This is a rare type of eye cancer that typically affects children under the age of 5. It originates in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.
• Lymphoma of the Eye: This type of cancer affects the immune system and can occur in the eyes, including the eyelids, conjunctiva, and orbit (the bony cavity that contains the eye).
• Medulloepithelioma: This is a rare type of eye cancer that occurs in the ciliary body or retina.
• Conjunctival Cancer: This type of cancer affects the conjunctiva, which is the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and inside of the eyelids.

Symptoms of Eye Cancer

The symptoms of eye cancer can vary depending on the type and location of the tumor. Common symptoms include:

• Blurred vision or loss of vision
• Pain or discomfort in the eye
• Sensitivity to light
• Redness or swelling of the eye or eyelid
• A lump or bump on the eyelid or in the eye
• Flashing lights or floaters in the vision
• Pupil changes, such as an irregularly shaped pupil or a change in pupil size
• Bulging of the eye (proptosis)

Treatments for Eye Cancer

The treatment for eye cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. Common treatments include:

• Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor, which may involve removing part or all of the affected eye.
• Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
• Chemotherapy: Medications are used to kill cancer cells, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
• Laser Therapy: A high-intensity light beam is used to destroy cancer cells.
• Cryotherapy: Extreme cold is used to freeze and kill cancer cells.
• Enucleation: Surgical removal of the entire eye, which may be necessary for advanced or aggressive tumors.
• Exenteration: Surgical removal of the eye and surrounding tissues, including the eyelids and orbit.

Prognosis and Outlook

The prognosis and outlook for eye cancer depend on the type and stage of the disease. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the chances of survival and preserve vision. Regular eye exams are essential for detecting eye cancer in its early stages, when it is most treatable.