External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) for Prostate Cancer

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is a non-invasive treatment option for prostate cancer, where high-energy rays are directed at the tumor from outside the body.

How it Works

During EBRT, a machine called a linear accelerator produces high-energy beams of radiation that are focused on the prostate gland. The radiation beams damage the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from growing and dividing. Healthy cells can also be affected by radiation, but they are able to repair themselves more easily than cancer cells.

Types of EBRT

There are several types of EBRT that may be used to treat prostate cancer, including:

• 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT): This type of radiation therapy uses CT scans or MRI scans to create a detailed picture of the tumor and surrounding tissues. The radiation beams are then shaped to match the size and shape of the tumor.
• Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT): IMRT is an advanced form of 3D-CRT that allows for more precise targeting of the tumor. The radiation beams are divided into smaller beams, each with a different intensity, to deliver a customized dose of radiation to the tumor.
• Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT): SBRT is a type of radiation therapy that delivers high doses of radiation to small tumors in a few fractions. It is often used to treat early-stage prostate cancer.
• Proton Beam Radiation Therapy: Proton beam radiation therapy uses protons instead of X-rays to destroy cancer cells. It is a highly targeted form of radiation therapy that can reduce the risk of damage to surrounding tissues.

Treatment Process

The treatment process for EBRT typically involves:

1. Simulation: The patient undergoes a simulation session, where they are positioned on a table and a CT scan or MRI scan is taken to create a detailed picture of the tumor and surrounding tissues.
2. Treatment Planning: The radiation oncologist uses the images from the simulation session to create a treatment plan, which outlines the dose and delivery of radiation.
3. Radiation Therapy Sessions: The patient undergoes radiation therapy sessions, typically 5 days a week, for several weeks. Each session lasts around 15-30 minutes.
4. Follow-up Care: After completing radiation therapy, the patient will need to follow up with their radiation oncologist to monitor their progress and manage any side effects.

Benefits and Risks

The benefits of EBRT for prostate cancer include:

• High cure rates for early-stage disease
• Minimally invasive, with no surgical incision required
• Can be used in combination with other treatments, such as hormone therapy or surgery

The risks and side effects of EBRT include:

• Fatigue
• Urinary frequency or urgency
• Bowel changes, such as diarrhea or rectal bleeding
• Erectile dysfunction
• Radiation-induced secondary cancers (rare)

Conclusion

External beam radiation therapy is a highly effective treatment option for prostate cancer, offering high cure rates and minimal side effects. By understanding the different types of EBRT and the treatment process, patients can make informed decisions about their care and work with their healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan.