Exertional Headache

Exertional headache, also known as exertion headache or exercise headache, is a type of headache that occurs after physical activity or exertion. It is a benign condition, but it can be uncomfortable and disrupt daily activities.

Causes and Triggers

The exact cause of exertional headache is not fully understood, but several factors are thought to contribute to its development. These include:

• Increased blood flow and pressure in the brain during physical activity
• Dehydration or electrolyte imbalance
• Changes in breathing patterns, such as hyperventilation
• Tension or stress
• Certain medical conditions, such as high blood pressure or sinusitis

Symptoms

The symptoms of exertional headache can vary from person to person, but common characteristics include:

• Pain on both sides of the head, often described as a dull ache or pressure
• Pain that worsens with continued physical activity
• Pain that improves with rest and relaxation
• Duration of pain can range from several minutes to several hours
• May be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound

Diagnosis

Diagnosing exertional headache involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. A healthcare provider may ask questions about the onset and duration of symptoms, as well as any factors that trigger or relieve the pain.

Imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, may be ordered to rule out other conditions that could be causing the headaches, such as a tumor or bleeding in the brain.

Treatment

Treatment for exertional headache typically involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medication. Recommendations may include:

• Avoiding strenuous physical activity or exercising at a lower intensity
• Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water before, during, and after exercise
• Avoiding triggers, such as certain foods or stressors
• Taking over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as directed
• Prescription medications, such as triptans or ergotamines, may be prescribed for more severe headaches

Prevention

To prevent exertional headache, individuals can take several steps:

• Warm up and cool down slowly before and after exercise
• Avoid sudden or intense physical activity
• Stay hydrated and fuel the body with a balanced diet
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation

By understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of exertional headache, individuals can take steps to manage their condition and reduce the frequency and severity of headaches.