Eructation

Eructation, also known as belching, is the release of gas from the upper digestive system, specifically the stomach and esophagus, through the mouth.

Causes

• Swallowing air while eating or drinking, which can lead to an accumulation of gas in the stomach
• Eating foods that are difficult to digest, such as beans, cabbage, and broccoli, which can produce gas during digestion
• Drinking carbonated beverages, such as soda and beer, which contain dissolved gases that can be released in the stomach
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus, causing discomfort and gas buildup
• Food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance or gluten intolerance, which can lead to gas production during digestion
• Gastroparesis, a condition in which the stomach muscles are weakened, leading to delayed emptying of food from the stomach and gas accumulation

Symptoms

• Noisy or odorless release of gas from the mouth
• Discomfort or bloating in the upper abdomen
• Nausea or vomiting, in some cases
• Abdominal pain or cramping, in some cases

Diagnosis

Eructation is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history. In some cases, additional tests may be ordered to rule out underlying conditions that may be contributing to the symptom.

Treatment

• Avoiding foods that trigger gas production or discomfort
• Eating smaller, more frequent meals to reduce symptoms
• Avoiding carbonated beverages and chewing gum
• Managing underlying conditions, such as GERD or gastroparesis, with medication or lifestyle changes
• Over-the-counter antacids or simethicone to help alleviate symptoms

Complications

In rare cases, eructation can be a symptom of an underlying condition that requires medical attention. If accompanied by other symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty swallowing, or vomiting blood, it is essential to seek medical evaluation.