Epiphora

Epiphora is a medical condition characterized by an excessive flow of tears onto the cheek, often due to an abnormality in the tear drainage system.

Causes

• Blockage of the nasolacrimal duct, which is the tube that carries tears from the eye into the nasal cavity
• Malformation or narrowing of the tear ducts
• Trauma to the face or eye, leading to damage to the tear drainage system
• Infection or inflammation of the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct
• Tumors or cysts that obstruct the tear drainage system
• Age-related changes, such as a weakening of the muscles around the eye or a decrease in tear production

Symptoms

• Excessive tearing, which may be constant or intermittent
• Tears spilling onto the cheek or nose
• Redness and irritation of the eye or eyelid
• Discharge or crusting on the eyelashes or corner of the eye
• Sensitivity to light or wind

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of epiphora typically involves a physical examination and medical history. Additional tests may include:

• Dye disappearance test, which assesses the flow of tears through the tear drainage system
• Irrigation of the tear ducts to check for blockages
• Imaging studies, such as CT or MRI scans, to visualize the tear drainage system and surrounding structures

Treatment

Treatment for epiphora depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Surgical procedures, such as probing and irrigation of the tear ducts or placement of a stent to open up the blocked duct
• Antibiotic or anti-inflammatory medications to treat infections or inflammation
• Artificial tears or ointments to lubricate the eye and reduce irritation
• Closure of the tear duct opening, either temporarily or permanently, to reduce tearing

Complications

If left untreated, epiphora can lead to complications such as:

• Chronic eye irritation and inflammation
• Infection of the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct
• Scarring or narrowing of the tear ducts, leading to further blockage
• Cosmetic concerns, such as skin irritation or discoloration around the eye