Enterocoele

An enterocoele is a type of hernia that occurs when part of the intestine bulges into the vagina. This condition is also known as an enterocele.

Causes and Risk Factors

An enterocoele can occur due to a weakening of the muscles and tissues that separate the intestine from the vagina, allowing the intestine to protrude into the vaginal space. This can be caused by:

• Pregnancy and childbirth, which can put strain on the pelvic floor muscles
• Menopause, which can lead to a decrease in estrogen levels and cause the tissues to weaken
• Aging, which can cause the muscles and tissues to lose strength and elasticity
• Chronic constipation or straining during bowel movements
• Pelvic surgery, such as a hysterectomy

Symptoms

The symptoms of an enterocoele can vary from woman to woman, but may include:

• A bulge or lump in the vagina
• Pelvic pain or discomfort
• Difficulty emptying the bowels
• Constipation
• Urinary incontinence
• Pain during sex

Diagnosis

An enterocoele can be diagnosed through a physical exam, medical history, and imaging tests such as:

• Pelvic exam
• Ultrasound
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Computed tomography (CT) scan

Treatment Options

Treatment for an enterocoele depends on the severity of the condition and may include:

• Pelvic floor exercises, such as Kegel exercises, to strengthen the muscles
• Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding heavy lifting and straining during bowel movements
• Surgery, such as a sacrocolpopexy or colpocleisis, to repair the hernia and support the pelvic floor
• Pessary, a device inserted into the vagina to support the pelvic floor

Complications

If left untreated, an enterocoele can lead to complications such as:

• Infection
• Bowel obstruction
• Pelvic organ prolapse
• Urinary incontinence

Prevention

To prevent an enterocoele, women can take steps to maintain a healthy pelvic floor, such as:

• Practicing Kegel exercises regularly
• Avoiding heavy lifting and straining during bowel movements
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Avoiding smoking