Electrocardiogram (ECG)

An Electrocardiogram (ECG), also known as an EKG, is a non-invasive medical test used to measure the electrical activity of the heart.

Purpose

The purpose of an ECG is to:

• Diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the heart, such as arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and heart valve problems
• Evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for heart conditions
• Check for any abnormalities in the heart's electrical activity

How it Works

An ECG uses electrodes placed on the skin to detect the electrical signals produced by the heart. These signals are then recorded and displayed on a graph, allowing healthcare professionals to interpret the results.

Types of ECG

There are several types of ECG, including:

• Resting ECG: A standard ECG performed while the patient is at rest
• Stress ECG: An ECG performed during physical activity or exercise to evaluate the heart's response to stress
• Ambulatory ECG: A portable ECG device that records the heart's electrical activity over a period of time, usually 24 hours
• Event Monitor ECG: A small device that records the heart's electrical activity when symptoms occur

Procedure

The procedure for an ECG typically involves:

• Removing any clothing or jewelry that may interfere with the electrodes
• Cleaning and preparing the skin where the electrodes will be placed
• Attaching the electrodes to the skin, usually on the arms, legs, and chest
• Connecting the electrodes to the ECG machine
• Recording the heart's electrical activity for a few minutes

Interpretation of Results

The results of an ECG are interpreted by a healthcare professional, who looks for any abnormalities in the heart's electrical activity. The results may show:

• Normal sinus rhythm: A normal heartbeat
• Atrial fibrillation: An irregular heartbeat
• Ventricular tachycardia: A fast heartbeat originating in the ventricles
• Bundle branch block: A condition where the electrical signals are delayed or blocked as they travel through the heart

Risks and Complications

The risks and complications associated with an ECG are minimal, but may include:

• Skin irritation or allergic reactions to the electrodes
• Discomfort or anxiety during the procedure

Conclusion

An Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive and relatively simple medical test used to evaluate the heart's electrical activity. It is an important diagnostic tool for detecting and monitoring conditions affecting the heart.