Elbow Arthroplasty

Elbow arthroplasty, also known as elbow replacement surgery, is a surgical procedure that involves replacing the damaged or arthritic joint surfaces of the elbow with artificial components.

Indications

The primary indications for elbow arthroplasty include:

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Post-traumatic arthritis
• Fractures or dislocations that have resulted in severe joint damage
• Avascular necrosis (death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply)

Types of Elbow Arthroplasty

There are several types of elbow arthroplasty, including:

• Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA): This involves replacing the entire joint with an artificial one.
• Partial Elbow Arthroplasty: This involves replacing only one part of the joint, such as the radial head or the distal humerus.
• Interposition Arthroplasty: This involves inserting a spacer between the bones to reduce friction and improve mobility.
• Resurfacing Arthroplasty: This involves replacing only the damaged surface of the joint with an artificial one, rather than the entire joint.

Surgical Procedure

The surgical procedure for elbow arthroplasty typically involves:

• An incision is made in the back of the elbow to access the joint.
• The damaged or arthritic joint surfaces are removed and prepared for the artificial components.
• The artificial components, such as a metal and plastic hinge, are implanted and secured with bone cement or screws.
• The incision is closed and the elbow is immobilized in a splint or cast to allow for healing.

Post-Operative Care and Rehabilitation

After elbow arthroplasty, patients typically require:

• Pain management with medication and physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength.
• Immobilization in a splint or cast for several weeks to allow for healing.
• Gradual progression to active range of motion exercises and strengthening programs.
• Follow-up appointments with the surgeon to monitor progress and remove sutures or staples.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and complications associated with elbow arthroplasty, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding or hematoma
• Nerve damage or numbness
• Fracture or dislocation of the artificial components
• Loosening or wear and tear of the artificial components over time.

Outcomes and Expectations

The outcomes and expectations for elbow arthroplasty vary depending on the individual patient and the specific procedure performed. However, in general:

• Patient can expect significant improvement in pain relief and functional ability.
• Range of motion and strength may be improved, but may not return to normal.
• Artificial components can last for many years, but may eventually require revision or replacement.