Ecthyma Contagiosum (Orf Virus)

Ecthyma contagiosum, also known as orf virus, is a zoonotic disease caused by a parapoxvirus. It primarily affects sheep, goats, and other ruminants, but can be transmitted to humans.

Cause

The orf virus is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact with infected animals, contaminated fomites, or through the air. The virus enters the body through cuts or scratches in the skin, causing a localized infection.

Symptoms

In humans, ecthyma contagiosum typically presents as a single lesion or papule on the skin, often on the hands, arms, or face. The lesion may progress to a vesicle or pustule, and eventually crust over and heal within 3-6 weeks. Other symptoms may include:

• Redness and swelling around the affected area
• Pain or tenderness at the site of infection
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Fever
• Headache

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical presentation and history of exposure to infected animals. Laboratory tests, such as PCR or serology, may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for ecthyma contagiosum is usually supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and preventing secondary infections. This may include:

• Topical antibiotics to prevent bacterial superinfections
• Pain management with over-the-counter analgesics
• Wound care to promote healing and prevent scarring

Prevention

Prevention measures include:

• Avoiding contact with infected animals or contaminated materials
• Wearing protective clothing, such as gloves and masks, when handling animals or working in high-risk environments
• Practicing good hygiene, including frequent handwashing and proper wound care

Related Terms

Other medical terms that may be related to ecthyma contagiosum include:

• Paravaccinia: a similar zoonotic disease caused by a parapoxvirus, primarily affecting cattle and other ruminants.
• Bovine papular stomatitis: a viral disease affecting cattle, characterized by lesions on the skin and mucous membranes.
• Pseudocowpox: a zoonotic disease caused by a parapoxvirus, primarily affecting cows and other ruminants.