Earwax Build-up - Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Earwax build-up, also known as cerumen impaction, occurs when earwax accumulates in the ear canal and causes a blockage. Earwax is a natural substance produced by the glands in the ear canal that helps to protect the ears from dirt, dust, and bacteria.

Causes of Earwax Build-up

Earwax build-up can be caused by several factors, including:

• Overproduction of earwax: Some people naturally produce more earwax than others, which can increase the risk of build-up.
• Using cotton swabs (Q-tips): Inserting cotton swabs into the ear canal can push earwax deeper into the ear and cause a blockage.
• Hearing aids or earplugs: Wearing hearing aids or earplugs can trap earwax in the ear canal and prevent it from being naturally removed.
• Narrow ear canals: People with narrow ear canals are more prone to earwax build-up.

Symptoms of Earwax Build-up

The symptoms of earwax build-up may include:

• Hearing loss or muffled hearing
• Ear fullness or pressure
• Itching or discomfort in the ear
• Dizziness or vertigo
• Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)

Treatment of Earwax Build-up

Treatment for earwax build-up usually involves removing the excess earwax from the ear canal. This can be done using:

• Ear drops: Over-the-counter ear drops can help to soften the earwax and make it easier to remove.
• Syringing: A healthcare professional may use a syringe to flush out the earwax with warm water.
• Microsuction: A specialized device is used to suction out the earwax.

Prevention of Earwax Build-up

To prevent earwax build-up, it is recommended to:

• Avoid using cotton swabs (Q-tips) to clean the ears
• Use ear drops regularly to help soften and remove earwax
• Have regular ear checks with a healthcare professional

Complications of Earwax Build-up

If left untreated, earwax build-up can lead to complications such as:

• Perforated eardrum: The pressure from the built-up earwax can cause the eardrum to rupture.
• Middle ear infection: Bacteria can become trapped in the ear canal and cause an infection.