Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

A digital rectal examination (DRE) is a medical procedure where a healthcare provider inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the patient's rectum to feel for any abnormalities.

Purpose

The purpose of a DRE is to:

• Check for any masses or tumors in the rectum, prostate gland (in men), or surrounding tissues
• Evaluate the size and consistency of the prostate gland
• Assess the tone and sensation of the anal sphincter muscles
• Check for any blood or other abnormalities in the stool

Indications

A DRE may be performed:

• As part of a routine physical examination, especially in men over 40 years old
• To investigate symptoms such as rectal bleeding, pain, or difficulty with bowel movements
• To monitor patients with a history of prostate cancer or other rectal conditions
• As part of a neurological examination to assess anal sphincter tone and sensation

Procedure

The DRE procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is positioned on their side, back, or in a squatting position, depending on the healthcare provider's preference
2. The healthcare provider puts on gloves and applies lubricant to the gloved finger
3. The lubricated finger is inserted into the rectum, usually up to the knuckle
4. The healthcare provider feels for any abnormalities, such as masses, tenderness, or irregularities in the rectal wall or prostate gland
5. The examination typically takes a few minutes to complete

Preparation

Patients may be asked to:

• Empty their bladder and bowel before the examination
• Avoid eating a large meal or consuming caffeine before the examination
• Remove any clothing that may interfere with the examination

Risks and Complications

Risks and complications associated with DRE are rare, but may include:

• Bleeding or rectal trauma
• Infection
• Discomfort or pain during the examination

Interpretation of Results

The results of a DRE are typically interpreted by the healthcare provider, who will look for any abnormalities, such as:

• Masses or tumors in the rectum or prostate gland
• Irrregularities in the rectal wall or prostate gland
• Abnormal anal sphincter tone or sensation

The results of a DRE may be used to guide further diagnostic testing, such as imaging studies or biopsies, or to develop a treatment plan.