Digital Breast Tomosynthesis

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), also known as 3D mammography, is an advanced imaging technique used for the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.

How it Works

DBT uses a low-dose X-ray source and a digital detector to capture multiple images of the breast from different angles. The images are then reconstructed into a three-dimensional picture of the breast tissue, allowing radiologists to examine the breast in greater detail.

Benefits

• Improved Detection Rate: DBT has been shown to improve the detection rate of invasive breast cancers by up to 41% compared to traditional 2D mammography.
• Reduced False Positives: DBT can help reduce false positive results, which can lead to unnecessary callbacks and biopsies.
• Better Visualization of Dense Breast Tissue: DBT is particularly useful for women with dense breast tissue, as it allows radiologists to see through the density and detect abnormalities more easily.

Procedure

The DBT procedure is similar to a traditional mammogram. The patient stands in front of the mammography machine, and the technologist positions the breast on the detector. The X-ray source moves in an arc around the breast, taking multiple images from different angles. The entire process typically takes about 15-30 minutes.

Radiation Exposure

The radiation exposure from DBT is slightly higher than that of traditional 2D mammography, but it is still considered to be low. The FDA has approved DBT systems for use in breast cancer screening, and the benefits of improved detection and reduced false positives are thought to outweigh the risks associated with the slightly higher radiation dose.

Indications

DBT is used for both screening and diagnostic purposes, including:

• Annual Screening Mammograms: DBT is used as a screening tool for women aged 40 and older, or those with a high risk of breast cancer.
• Diagnostic Imaging: DBT is used to evaluate suspicious findings on a mammogram, such as calcifications or masses.

Limitations

While DBT has many benefits, it also has some limitations. These include:

• Higher Cost: DBT is generally more expensive than traditional 2D mammography.
• Limited Availability: DBT may not be available at all imaging centers or hospitals.
• Increased Radiation Exposure: As mentioned earlier, DBT involves a slightly higher radiation dose than traditional 2D mammography.

Conclusion

Digital breast tomosynthesis is a powerful tool in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Its ability to provide high-resolution, three-dimensional images of the breast tissue makes it an valuable asset for radiologists and patients alike. While it has some limitations, the benefits of DBT make it a worthwhile option for many women.