Degenerative Arthritis

Degenerative arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis (OA), is a type of joint disorder that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints breaks down over time. This can lead to bone-on-bone contact, causing pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.

What is Degenerative Arthritis?

Degenerative arthritis is a chronic condition that affects the joints, particularly those that bear weight, such as the hips, knees, spine, and hands. It is characterized by the gradual deterioration of the cartilage, which can lead to changes in the bone and surrounding tissues.

Symptoms of Degenerative Arthritis

The symptoms of degenerative arthritis may vary depending on the affected joint, but common symptoms include:

• Pain and stiffness in the joints, especially after periods of rest or activity
• Swelling and inflammation around the affected joint
• Limited mobility and flexibility in the joint
• Creaking or grinding sensations when moving the joint (crepitus)
• Bony growths or spurs that can develop around the joint (osteophytes)
• Morning stiffness, which can last for several hours
• Weakness or instability in the affected joint

Causes and Risk Factors of Degenerative Arthritis

The exact cause of degenerative arthritis is not fully understood, but several factors can contribute to its development, including:

• Aging: OA is more common in people over the age of 65
• Genetics: Family history can play a role in the development of OA
• Obesity: Excess weight can put additional stress on joints, particularly those that bear weight
• Injury or trauma: Joint injuries can increase the risk of developing OA
• Overuse or repetitive strain: Repeatedly using a joint in a way that puts stress on it can contribute to OA
• Other medical conditions: Certain conditions, such as diabetes, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis, can increase the risk of developing OA

Treatments for Degenerative Arthritis

Treatment for degenerative arthritis typically involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, medications, and therapies to manage symptoms and slow disease progression. Some common treatments include:

• Medications: Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help reduce pain and inflammation. Topical creams or ointments, such as capsaicin or menthol, can also be applied directly to the affected joint.
• Physical therapy: Gentle exercises and stretches can help improve mobility and strength in the affected joint.
• Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms can help manage OA.
• Assistive devices: Using assistive devices, such as canes or walkers, can help reduce stress on the affected joint.
• Surgery: In severe cases of OA, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the damaged joint. Common surgical procedures include joint replacement, osteotomy (cutting and realigning the bone), and arthroscopy (inserting a camera and instruments into the joint to remove damaged tissue).
• Alternative therapies: Some people find relief from OA symptoms using alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, massage, or chiropractic care.

Prevention of Degenerative Arthritis

While it is not possible to completely prevent degenerative arthritis, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing the condition:

• Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise
• Engaging in regular exercise to strengthen muscles and improve joint mobility
• Avoiding activities that put excessive stress on joints, such as repetitive bending or heavy lifting
• Wearing proper footwear and using assistive devices when necessary
• Managing underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or gout, to reduce the risk of developing OA