Decreased Tear Production

Decreased tear production, also known as hypolacrimation or dry eye syndrome, is a common medical condition characterized by an insufficient production of tears to lubricate and nourish the eyes.

Causes

• Aging: Tear production decreases with age, especially after the age of 50.
• Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during menopause or pregnancy can affect tear production.
• Certain medications: Antihistamines, decongestants, and blood pressure medications can reduce tear production.
• Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren's syndrome can cause inflammation in the lacrimal gland, leading to decreased tear production.
• Environmental factors: Wind, dry air, and prolonged use of digital devices can contribute to decreased tear production.

Symptoms

• Dryness or grittiness in the eyes
• Burning or stinging sensation in the eyes
• Redness and inflammation of the eyes
• Blurred vision
• Increased sensitivity to light
• Frequent blinking or eye rubbing

Diagnosis

Decreased tear production is typically diagnosed through a combination of:

• Medical history: A thorough review of the patient's medical history and symptoms.
• Physical examination: An examination of the eyes, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland.
• Schirmer test: A test that measures the amount of tears produced by the eyes.
• Tear osmolarity test: A test that measures the concentration of tears.

Treatment

Treatment for decreased tear production depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Common treatments include:

• Artificial tears: Lubricating eye drops or ointments to help moisturize the eyes.
• Punctal plugs: Small devices inserted into the tear ducts to block drainage and conserve tears.
• Restasis: A medication that helps increase tear production.
• Lifestyle changes: Avoiding wind, dry air, and digital device use, and using a humidifier to add moisture to the air.

Complications

If left untreated, decreased tear production can lead to complications such as:

• Corneal ulcers: Open sores on the cornea that can cause vision loss and blindness.
• Infections: Increased risk of eye infections due to reduced tear production.
• Scarring: Permanent scarring of the cornea or conjunctiva.