Cryosurgery of the Prostate

Cryosurgery of the prostate, also known as cryotherapy or cryoablation, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat prostate cancer and other prostate-related conditions.

Procedure Overview

The procedure involves using extremely low temperatures to freeze and destroy abnormal or cancerous cells in the prostate gland. This is typically done under ultrasound guidance, which helps the doctor to precisely target the affected area.

How it Works

During the procedure:

• A catheter is inserted into the urethra to drain urine and protect the urethra from freezing temperatures.
• Ultrasound probes are inserted into the rectum to guide the cryoprobes (thin, hollow needles) into the prostate gland.
• The cryoprobes are then used to deliver liquid nitrogen or argon gas to the targeted area, rapidly cooling it to a temperature of -40°C to -50°C.
• The freezing process causes ice crystals to form within the cells, leading to cell death and tissue destruction.

Indications and Contraindications

Cryosurgery of the prostate is typically used to treat:

• Localized prostate cancer (cancer that has not spread beyond the prostate gland)
• Recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy or surgery
• Prostate cancer in patients who are not good candidates for traditional surgery or radiation therapy due to age, health status, or other factors

Contraindications may include:

• Advanced prostate cancer that has spread beyond the prostate gland
• Patients with certain medical conditions, such as bleeding disorders or urinary tract infections

Risks and Complications

Possible risks and complications of cryosurgery of the prostate include:

• Urinary incontinence (loss of bladder control)
• Erectile dysfunction (impotence)
• Rectal injury or fistula (abnormal connection between the rectum and another organ)
• Infection or bleeding
• Nerve damage or numbness in the genital area

Recovery and Follow-up

After the procedure, patients typically:

• Experience some discomfort, pain, or swelling in the pelvic area
• May have a catheter in place for several days to drain urine
• Are advised to avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for several weeks
• Require follow-up appointments with their doctor to monitor their condition and remove any stitches or catheters

Efficacy and Outcomes

The effectiveness of cryosurgery of the prostate in treating prostate cancer and other conditions varies depending on individual factors, such as the stage and aggressiveness of the disease. Studies have shown that cryosurgery can be an effective treatment option for localized prostate cancer, with reported success rates ranging from 70% to 90%.