Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA)

Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) is a non-invasive medical imaging test that uses X-rays and computed tomography (CT) technology to produce detailed images of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart.

Indications

• Evaluation of chest pain or suspected coronary artery disease
• Assessment of coronary artery anatomy before surgery or other procedures
• Monitoring of coronary artery disease progression or regression over time
• Detection of coronary artery anomalies or congenital abnormalities

Procedure

The CCTA procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is positioned on a CT scanner table and asked to remain still and hold their breath for short periods.
2. A contrast agent (usually iodine-based) is injected into a vein in the arm to highlight the coronary arteries.
3. The CT scanner takes rapid X-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries as the contrast agent flows through them.
4. The images are then reconstructed into detailed, three-dimensional pictures of the coronary arteries using specialized computer software.

Benefits

• Non-invasive, reducing the risk of complications compared to traditional angiography
• Less expensive than traditional angiography
• Faster procedure time, typically taking around 15-30 minutes
• Highly accurate in detecting coronary artery disease and other abnormalities

Risks and Limitations

• Allergic reactions to the contrast agent
• Kidney damage or dysfunction due to the contrast agent
• Radiation exposure from the CT scanner
• Limited spatial resolution, which may lead to false negatives or positives in certain cases
• Cannot be used in patients with severe kidney disease or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding

Interpretation of Results

The results of a CCTA are typically interpreted by a radiologist or cardiologist, who will look for signs of coronary artery disease, such as:

• Narrowing or blockages in the coronary arteries
• Plaque buildup or calcification in the arterial walls
• Anomalies or congenital abnormalities in the coronary arteries

The results are usually reported as a percentage of stenosis (narrowing) in each coronary artery segment, and may also include information on the presence and extent of plaque buildup or calcification.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA)?
A non-invasive imaging test that uses X-rays and contrast dye to visualize coronary arteries.

Why is CCTA performed?
To diagnose and evaluate coronary artery disease, including blockages and plaque buildup.

How long does a CCTA procedure take?
Typically around 15-30 minutes, but may vary depending on individual circumstances.

Is CCTA a painful procedure?
Generally not, but some discomfort may be experienced during the injection of contrast dye.

Are there any risks associated with CCTA?
Potential risks include allergic reactions to contrast dye and radiation exposure, among others.

Can anyone undergo a CCTA?
Not necessarily, certain conditions such as kidney disease or severe claustrophobia may limit eligibility.

How is the contrast dye administered during CCTA?
Through an intravenous (IV) line, usually in the arm.

What kind of preparation is required for a CCTA?
Fasting, avoiding caffeine, and wearing loose clothing are typically recommended.

Can CCTA detect other heart conditions besides coronary artery disease?
Possibly, it may also help identify other cardiac abnormalities, such as cardiac tumors or pericardial disease.

How soon can results from a CCTA be available?
Usually within a few hours to a day, depending on the facility and interpreting physician.