Corns and Calluses

Corns and calluses are thickened areas of skin that develop as a result of repeated pressure, friction, or irritation. They can occur on any part of the body, but are most commonly found on the feet, hands, and toes.

Causes

• Pressure from shoes that are too tight or do not fit properly
• Friction from repetitive activities, such as walking or running
• Irritation from skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis
• Abnormal gait or foot mechanics
• Genetic predisposition

Symptoms

• Thickened skin that is rough to the touch
• Pain or discomfort when pressure is applied to the affected area
• Redness and inflammation around the affected area
• Fluid-filled blisters or cracks in the skin

Types of Corns and Calluses

• Hard corns: thickened areas of skin that are dense and hard
• Soft corns: thickened areas of skin that are soft and moist, often found between the toes
• Seed corns: small, hard corns that are usually painless
• Calluses: thickened areas of skin that are larger and more diffuse than corns

Treatment

• Conservative treatment: soaking the affected area in warm water, using pumice stone or foot file to gently remove dead skin cells, applying moisturizer to keep the skin soft and hydrated
• Medications: over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce pain and inflammation
• Surgical treatment: in severe cases, surgical removal of the corn or callus may be necessary

Prevention

• Wearing shoes that fit properly and provide adequate support and cushioning
• Using orthotics or shoe inserts to redistribute pressure and reduce friction
• Wearing socks made of breathable materials, such as cotton or wool
• Avoiding repetitive activities that cause friction or irritation
• Keeping the skin moisturized and hydrated to prevent dryness and cracking

Complications

• Infection: if the corn or callus becomes cracked or open, it can become infected with bacteria or fungi
• Ulcers: in people with diabetes or poor circulation, corns and calluses can lead to the development of ulcers